Donāt Let Your Children Grow Up to Be Farmers
By Bren Smith New York
Times August 9, 2014
Bren Smith is a shellfish and seaweed farmer on Long Island Sound.
NEW HAVEN ā AT a farm-to-table dinner recently, I sat huddled in a corner with some other farmers, out of earshot of the foodies happily eating kale and freshly shucked oysters. We were comparing business models and profit margins, and it quickly became clear that all of us were working in the red.
The dirty secret of the food movement is that the much-celebrated small-scale farmer isnāt making a living. After the tools are put away, we head out to second and third jobs to keep our farms afloat. Ninety-one percent of all farm households rely on multiple sources of income. Health care, paying for our kidsā college, preparing for retirement? Not happening. With the overwhelming majority of American farmers operating at a loss ā the median farm income was negative $1,453 in 2012 ā farmers can barely keep the chickens fed and the lights on.
Others of us rely almost entirely on Department of Agriculture or foundation grants, not retail sales, to generate farm income. And young farmers, unable to afford land, are increasingly forced into neo-feudal relationships, working the fields of wealthy landowners. Little wonder the median age for farmers and ranchers is now 56.
My experience proves the trend. To make ends meet as a farmer over the last decade, Iāve hustled wooden crafts to tourists on the streets of New York, driven lumber trucks, and worked part time for any nonprofit that could stomach the stink of mud on my boots. Laden with college debt and only intermittently able to afford health care, my partner and I have acquired a favorite pastime in our house: dreaming about having kids.
Itās cheaper than the real thing. But what about the thousands of high-priced community-supported agriculture programs and farmersā markets that have sprouted up around the country? Nope. These new venues were promising when they proliferated over a decade ago, but now, with so many programs to choose from, there is increasing pressure for farmers to reduce prices in cities like my hometown, New Haven. And while weekend farmersā markets remain precious community spaces, sales volumes are often too low to translate into living wages for your much-loved small-scale farmer.
Especially in urban areas, supporting your local farmer may actually mean buying produce from former hedge fund managers or tax lawyers who have quit the rat race to get some dirt under their fingernails. We call it hobby farming, where recreational āfarmsā are allowed to sell their products at the same farmersā markets as commercial farms. Itās all about property taxes, not food production. As Forbes magazine suggested to its readers in its 2012 Investment Guide, now is the time to āfarm like a billionaire,ā because even a small amount of retail sales ā as low as $500 a year in New Jersey ā allows landowners to harvest more tax breaks than tomatoes.
On top of that, weāre now competing with nonprofit farms. Released from the yoke of profit, farms like Growing Power in Milwaukee and Stone Barns in Pocantico Hills, N.Y., are doing some of the most innovative work in the farming sector, but neither is subject to the iron heel of the free market. Growing Power alone received over $6.8 million in grants over the last five years, and its produce is now available in Walgreens stores. Stone Barns was started with a $30 million grant from David Rockefeller. Howās a young farmer to compete with that?
As one grower told me, āWhen these nonprofit farms want a new tractor, they ask the board of directors, but we have to go begging to the bank.ā
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